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| From the Acting to the Seeing ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
From the Acting to the Seeing
''From the Acting to the Seeing'' is a 1927 book by Kitaro Nishida, a turning point in his thought.〔Odin 1995. p. 449.〕
==Summary==
Nishida introduces his new concept of ''basho''.〔 Nishida views human existence as essentially self-contradictory. He argues that human existence contains within itself absolute contradictions, such as those between instinct and reason, body and mind, and self and world. Nishida tries to explore the ground of self-identity at the bottom of human existence by breaking through the dichotomy of the subject-predicate relation, the paradigm of human perception. Dissatisfied with the Aristotelian anthropocentric worldview, he forms the logic of the ''basho'' or ''topos'' as the only rational way to approach ultimate reality. Nishida defines the ''basho'' as a "predicate of predicates", a truly universal place in which subject and predicate are mutually inclusive. The ''basho'' contains three categories: ''basho'' of being, ''basho'' of relative nothingness, and ''basho'' of absolute nothingness.〔Machida 1995. p. 385.〕
The ''basho'' of being is a ground that supports all beings existing in space. Because all beings of form and matter in the phenomenal world, including human beings, need the space they occupy, they are dependent upon the ''basho'' of being as a fundamental restriction of their existence. The ''basho'' of relative nothingness, which is invisible, exists at the bottom of the ''basho'' of being. It is referred to as relative nothingness because it exists only in relation to the ''basho'' of being. Only the ''basho'' of absolute nothingness is truly transcendent and universal. It is the place where the authentic self turns around and becomes the "self without self." Nishida defines this existential transition as one "from that which functions to that which sees", meaning that the self as ''basho'' can reflect objects as they are by truly emptying itself and can see things "by becoming things." Thus the self as ''basho'' identifies itself with all beings in the absolute contradictory mode of the world.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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